Caloric engine



2 Sheets-Sheet 1. L. ANDERSON.

UALORIG ENGINE.

(No Model.)

Patented Oct. 25, 1881,,

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2 SheetQ-Sheet' 2.

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GALORIU ENGINE.

(No Model.)

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UNITED STATES ATENT FFICE.

LUIS ANDERSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CALORlC-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 248,688, dated October 25, 1881.

Application filed March 8, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, LUIs ANDERSON, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Caloric-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to so improve the construction and combination of parts in engines of the class known as the Roper hotair engine that without materially increasing its bulk an engine of a given size of cylinder shall obtain an effective power about twice as great as that of caloricengines heretofore made, and be more conveniently operated and kept in running order.

The invention consists in the combination of two single-action hot-air cylinders and a double-acting air-supply pump and their connecting parts, and in the construction and combination of parts, whereby the packing of the pistons and the stopping and starting of the engine are facilitated, as will be hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- On Sheet 1, Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my improved caloric-engine. Fig. 2 is a top or plan view of the same, partly broken out. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of one of the hot-air pistons.

On. Sheet 2, Figs. 4 and 5 are vertical sections through the air-pump and furnace, explanatory of their valve-connections, Fig. 4. showing those operating on the upward stroke, and Fig. 5 those on the downward stroke of the air-pump piston, the said views being those corresponding to imaginary displayed sections taken through the irregular lines 00 or and y y of Fig.2. Fig. 6 is a vertical detail section on the line 2 z of Fig. 2, as seen in direction of arrow 1, and showing the valve motion. Fig. 7 is a detail view explanatory of the valve motion, the several parts being in positions corresponding to those in Fig. 6, and seen in the direction of the arrow 2 from the respective lines of cross-section marked it t, a u, t c, w to. Fig. 8 is a detail section of the air-pum p, sh owing a modification in the arrangement of the air-valves. Fig. 9 is a detail horizontal section, seen downward from the linejjof Fig. 6.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

A is the bed-plate of the engine.

13 is the ordinary air-heatingt'urnace, partly surrounded by the air-supply chamber 1), and having draft-openings b b above and below the fire, which may be alternately opened and closed by a damper, b operated from the outside by the usual means, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4. y

O is the ordinary working-cylinder, open at the top, and thus single acting, its piston (indicated in dotted outline) being raised by the expansion of the heated air and lowered on its return-stroke (in the ordinary air-engine) simply by the momentum of the fly-wlieel L.

D is the air-pump, whose piston formerly was feeding air into the furnace B only on its downward stroke, but which I now close at both ends and make double acting.

In line with the centers of cylinder 0 and pump D, I place upon a bracket, 1, secured on the bed-plate A, another working-cylinder, E, exactly similar to cylinder 0, at the same height as the latter. Aorist-iron bracket, F, secured to the two oylinders,is provided with two 0pposite lugs or uprights, f, at the mean distance between the cylinders, to which uprights are pivoted the fulcrum journals of a double walking-beam, Gr, connected by cross-bars gand g at its ends to the piston-rods c and c of the respective cylinders.

.The pump D isbolted directly on the bedplate A, and its piston-rod d has a cross-bar, (1, connected at its end by rods d to one end of another double walking-beam, H, whose two levers are fulcrumed to links 71/, which are pivoted at the opposite outer sides of thebeam G to lugsf on the bracket F. The other end of beam H is pivoted to the end bar, g, of the walking-beam G. To the outerends of the other end bar, 9, of the beam G are attached the upper ends of the two main connectingrods I, which pass down at opposite sides of the cylinder E, and are connected by their lower ends to the cranks i of the horizontal main shaft K, the latter being mounted in bear ings M underneath the cylinder E, and provided at one end with the fly-wheel L and pulley for transmission of power, and at the other end with a conical miter-wheel,k, gearing into another miter-wheel, k, for transmitting motion t0.the puppet-valves of the engine. The shaft m of the said wheel 70 is mounted in bearings on a bracket, m, and on the frame N. The latter consists of two uprights bolted to the valve-chest and interconnected at their lower ends by a horizontal bar, n, through which the lower ends of the puppet-valve rods work when actuated by the cams P P Q Q, secured upon the shaft m, as seen in Fig. 6. The cams work against valve-toes r, secured upon the valve-rods, and are grooved upon their faces to keep the said toes from turning laterally out of working contact. The canishaft m is arranged above the toes, causing the valves to open hya downward movement, and the valves are raised against the action of the cams by spiral springs R, interposed on the valve-rods between the frame-bar n and the hubs of the valve-toes, as seen in Figs. 6 and7. The upper parts of the valve-rods work air-tight in stuffing-boxes in the under side of the valve-chest as usual.

The valve-chest O has a lower inlet-chamber, 0, receiving the heated air through the pipe or passage T; above this a distributing-chamber, subdivided by a central vertical partition into two compartments, 0 and 0, connected by pipes U and V to the lower ends of the cylinders G and E respectively; and above the chamber 0 0 one common exhaust chamber, S, on which is placed the exhaust-pipe or chimney s. p and q are the supply and exhaust valves for cylinder 0, and p and q those for the cylinder E respectively. On the downward stroke of the pistons the air (having acted upon them during the upward stroke) returns through the pipes U V to the chamber 0 0, and, finding the supply-valves pp closed, escapes to the chimneys through the open exhaust-valves q q.

The valve-channels for the air-pump D are cored in the bed-plate A, and the valve-boxes are placed on the top of the latter, the arrangement and operation of the valves being easily understood by reference to Figs. 2, 4, and 5.

In all the views of the drawings the positions of the various machine parts (except the piston in Figs. 4 and 5) correspond to those of the pistons and crank in Fig. 1, the pistons of the pump D and cylinder E being very near the end of their downward stroke, and the piston of cylinder 0 very near the end of its upward stroke.

The air below the pump-piston enters the furnace through the valve t (see Fig. 5) while the space above the piston is being supplied through the valve t. The heatedair from the furnace enters the cylinder 0 through thepipe T, chamber 0, valve 1;, chamber 0, and pipe U, as indicated by arrow 3 in Fig. 6, and the air exhausts from cylinder E through pipe V, chamber 0, valve q, chamber S, and chimney s, as indicated by arrow 4. The cams should be so set (see Fig. 7) that the exhaust-valve g will close a little before the inlet-valve 1) opens, in order not to waste live air. On the return-stroke the pump-valves t t are closed by the back-pressure; the air above the piston enters the furnace through the valve W, (see Fig. 4,) while air enters the pumpcylinder below the piston through "alve W; the cylinder 0 exhausts through the valve q, the valve 1) being then closed, and the cylinder E receives air through the valve 1), the valve q being then closed. It will thus be seen that the upstroke as well as the downstroke of the crank is etfeeted by direct expansive pressure of heated air upon an equal piston-area, and the effect is equal to about twice the number of horse-powers obtained in the ordinary hot-air engine.

The pivoted link It allows of free movement of the pump-beam H, notwithstanding its working radius being shorter than that of the beam G, and by moving the pivoting-lugf of the link h and the fulcrum of the beam H nearer to or farther from the center line of the pump D the stroke of the latter may be varied as desired withoutati'eeting the evenness of the motion.

In order to stop the engine, a bevel-edged bar, A, is pivoted by parallel links B to the under side of the frame-bar n. as in Figs. 6 and 9, and pins 0 are secured to the lower ends of the valve-rods at right angles to the latter, so that by pulling the handle of the stop-bar A in direction of the arrow in Fig. 9 the said bar will engage with the upper side of the said pins and depress them, thereby opening and retaining open all the puppet-valves simultaneously, allowing the air to escape from the furnace directly to the chimney until the bar A is again thrown out of contact with the pins 0 to start the engine.

The valve t may be arranged on the pumpcover, as shown in Fig. 8, instead of on the bed-plate, as in the other figures.

In order to facilitate the frequently-needed packing of the pistons in the cylinders C E without removing the piston from the cylinder for that purpose, as heretofore done, I have devised the improved construction shown in Fig. 3.

n is the ordinary piston-can, to which heretofore the packing was directly attached, and n the usual cooling-drum or elongation bolted thereto. Upon a, I place a flat thin washer or ring, a; upon this a thick ring, w, of less diameter; upon the latter the leather packingring as, made in sections, and, finally, on top of the leather the clamping-ring y, bolting them all together by screw-bolts z, threaded into holes in the annular rim of the pistoncan n, as shown in the drawings. This allows of conveniently removing and replacing the packing without taking the can a out of the cylinder.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, in a caloricengine, of

two single-acting hot-air cylinders, G E, a double-acting air-pump, D, and an air-heatin g furnace, B, substantially as specified.

2. In combination with the walking-beam G,

connecting two single-acting cylinder-pistons 4. In a caloric-engine, the start and stop bar A, pivoted by parallel links B to the the frame-bar n, in combination with the puppet-valve rods having pins or shoulders 0, 20

substantially as specified.

5. In combination with the piston-can n of a caloric-engine, the metal rings 11 w y and the sectional leather ring or, constructed, ar-

ranged, and secured together in the manner 25 and for the purpose set forth.

LUIS ANDERSON.

Witnesses:

JOHN M. STELLE, ALEX. F. ROBERTS. 

